Risk Management Consultant Presentation and Proposal an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Risk Management Consultant Presentation and Proposal Introduction Events of all types are produced every day for all manner of purposes, attracting all sorts of people. Creating and managing the environment, in which these people will gather carries with it awesome responsibilities, legal, ethical, and financial. To provide a safe and secure setting and to operate in a manner that ensures the hosting organizations or individuals achieve their objectives in a proper and profitable way, event risk management must be fully integrated into all event plans and throughout the event management process (Silvers, 2007). The 2012 Democratic National Convention is a good opportunity for the DLPSZ Security Firm to provide effective event risk management. Our firm engages in identifying, managing, and responding to risks. Our proposal will demonstrate the social responsibility that our firm will take in providing security to the public and candidates, an explanation of future trends in risk management and our plan to control them, and a scenario plan. Need essay sample on "Risk Management Consultant Presentation and Proposal" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Social Responsibility Social responsibility is a voluntary assumed obligation toward the good of a larger social unit as opposed to the self alone (Social Responsibility). The DLPSZ Security Firm recognizes this responsibility would request the council for the City of New York to allow our firm to provide the security for the Democratic National Convention, the DNC. Our security firm has been in business for several years. Our firm has dedicated 15 years of service to providing quality security for large corporations as well as multiple smaller organizations. Our firm is locally owned and operated, giving a portion of our services back to the community. Background checks and references are verified on all potential employees. All applicants must submit to a lie detector test and qualify to be firearms certified. A minimum of an associates degree with two years experience is required. A minimum of five years experience may be accepted with firearms certification. Our firm experiences have included large corporations such as the Microsoft Convention and smaller, less formal events. Our firm provides no prejudice on whom and what type of customer we serve. Our dedication and thorough knowledge of our business, enables us to provide the highest quality service at a reasonable cost. Our obligation and responsibility is the protection of the public. The success of our firm is dependent upon our methods in conducting business. Honesty, integrity and hard work are the heart and sole of our organization. Our security firm has a response time rated at one of the highest in overall speed and efficiency. Our emergency response time is rated one of the overall highest in our field. All of our work is 100% guaranteed. It would be an honor and our pleasure if the council would consider allowing our company to oversee the security for the Democratic National Convention. In consideration of social responsibility, our proposal would include but not limited to: (1)Our firm will provide continuous security for the entire function. (2) All security personnel will be casually dressed, blending in with the crowd. (3) Weapons will not be visible to the public. (4) Atmosphere will be family oriented. (5) The entrance and exits to the function would require participates to be scanned by metal detectors. This would eliminate the possibility of any weapons or contraband from entering the premises. (6)The entrance to the function would require participates to be scanned by metal detectors. This would eliminate the possibility of any weapons or contraband from entering the premises. (7)All exit and entrances will be clearly marked and appropriate security personnel will be monitoring all locations. (8) It will be our responsibility to keep all areas free of possible hazards and harm to the public. (9) Constant attention will be given to the safety of all participants from environmental and physical mishaps (Chavez, Tenon, & Knap, 2004). Future Trends in Risk Management As the firm chosen to provide security for the 2012 Democratic National Convention, members of the security staff are aware of the possible future trends that may affect risk management. Risk management refers to the attempt to solve or minimize a problem before it occurs (Tarlow, 2002). Although, it is impossible to predict the future, future trends are dependent upon past trends therefore, our company will view past security measures to modify them in order to bring them current. Trends in risk management inclusive of increased violence and crowd control are a couple of the firms main focuses. Increased Violence As the economy takes a turn for the worse, there is an expectation of violence to increase due to economic instability. There are many causes of economic instability, many of which concerned citizens feel presidential candidates are at liberty to control, such as oil prices and job availability. The frustrations of some members of the crowd may be taken out on the presidential candidates (Scalet, 2004). Economic instability may increase crime rates and crime may be drawn to the convention. Crowd Control Prior to September 11, 2001, many risk managers were not faced with the issue of terrorism. In the post World Trade Center, the threat of terrorism from bombs, nuclear attacks, and biochemical weapons, is a reality. Therefore, many risk managers are not only faces with standardized crowd control issues but they are also faced with individuals who believe that killing is for the purpose of making a political statement (Tarlow, 2002). At the Democratic National Convention, many individuals of different races, religious backgrounds, economic status and social backgrounds will be in attendance. The control of the crowd depends on the number of security members observing the crowd. Managing and Responding to Risks In identifying the future trends in risks, our firm has developed a plan to manage and respond to the risks that could potentially harm the candidates. Our firm has hired extra security that will be placed in the following areas parking lots and the crowd. Members of the security staff will be in the crowd and will be in charge of journalists, who are anxious to get photos of the candidates. Communication is also key within our firm. In having good communication, security members are assured that all members are in the designated places at the designated times. Our firm is fully aware of the severity involved if issues arise during the convention therefore; our firm is capable of teamwork and keeping constant communication if any changes occur. With the assistance of the New York Police Department, traffic will be directed by members of the police force. In consideration to September 11, the FBI will be contacted concerning the identification of any terrorist who may be a threat to the convention. Prior to the Convention and throughout the Convention, police officers and police dogs will consistently patrol the arena on the inside as well as outside, to assure the safety of the candidates. In addition, our firm will work closely with the Secret Service and the FBI to provide protection that our firm is unable to provide. Members of the FBI will also observe the crowd for any suspicious activity. Our firm understands the responsibility involved in securing the candidates and is certain that our firm is able to provide safety to the public and the candidates. Scenario-Based Thinking Our security firm incorporates state of the art risk mitigation techniques in conducting adaptive, threat analysis and mitigation planning and response. Part of this threat planning analysis involves scenario-based measures, allowing our security professionals to integrate intelligence collection and liaison efforts, enabling futures-based threat planning environment with predictive analysis. In conducting scenario thinking approaches to our security efforts, our firm seeks to identify both the uncertainties which exist in the multi-threat environment, allowing total available resources to communicate in threat response, and resource allocation and direction. Threat Environment Analysis According to commonly accepted doctrine on obtaining situational awareness of a potential threat environment and identifying knowledge threats, our firm applies the S.T.E.E.P. (Social, Technological, Economic, Ecological, Political) Analysis method to obtain baseline knowledge of the Democratic National Convention threat environment and identified information gaps (Van Der Heijden, Bradfield, Burt, Cairns, & Wright, 2002). In applying the S.T.E.E.P. Analysis to our DNC pre-security project bid analysis, our teams of security experts have identified obvious social factors of the increased violence and crown control challenges which accompany such an event. Additionally, our firm has created a series of security-based scenarios based on contemporary social factors which may encourage various groups of various political, social or demographic influences seeking the DNC for exposure or support. Additionally, the mainstream of micro-media capable devices presents a twofold threat to the crowd management of such an event. Not only are many weapons capable of being disguised as media recording devices, but, these media capture devices may also be used to conduct counter surveillance activity against law enforcement and security personnel, coordinate terrorist activities, or capture, exploit, and rapidly transmit media of a terrorist attack to be exploited for mass panic effect. In analyzing the myriad of potential threats which exist within the DNC environment, our security experts have determined that the best scenario-based planning approach is a multilayered security approach, maximizing liaison, as previously mentioned, under the direction of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Secret Service, and the New York Police Department. The three major threat areas our organization has analyzed, trained and prepared for are Preventive Screening, Passive Threat, and Active Threat. Preventive Screening Security personnel have liaison with federal, state and local law enforcement on deploying necessary resources for extensive physical and technological measures to be deployed outside of and within the structure of the convention center and the immediate city clock surrounding the convention center. Extensive role-play scenarios have been administered and collectively enhanced involving the deployment of plain clothes security personnel within a six-block soft perimeter to observe and report activity on suspicious personnel, facial image capture from strategically placed surveillance equipment along routes of an ingress to the convention location, and the implementation of facial recognition software to electronically transmit suspect information to law enforcement databases. Passive Threat In scenario training for the passive threat environment, our security personnel have engaged in scenario-based training involving the active containment of passively resistant personnel, involving the use of cover/contact crowd control measures to avoid deliberate attempts to distract or lure security personnel into situations designed to preoccupy security personnel and exploit openings in the security perimeter. Additionally, our personnel are highly trained in a variety of scenarios and in the arrest of demonstrators using non-lethal use of force tactics and equipment designed to isolate potential riot situations and restore order in coordination with designated law enforcement partners. Active Threat In the event of a violent demonstration, terrorist attack, or deliberate attempt against the security and well being of the convention and its attendees, our security personnel will by policy defer to the authority and direction of designated federal law enforcement officials, However, our security personnel have implemented scenario-based training, and is prepared to delivered services in areas of high risk personnel protection, protective convoy escort, property protection, crowd control, inner and outer perimeter containment, and technical measures designed to enhance surveillance containment capabilities and cellular signal-jamming capabilities to assist in gaining operational control of the crisis environment. Conclusion In conclusion, our security firm has been operating for years. Our employees are all degree holders and understand the need of safety in our clients and community. Our firm has also done other events with a high success rate. An extensive background search will be performed on all employees and all employees will go through extensive training. Every member of our security firm has signed confidentiality agreements to protect every candidate. If chosen, our firm has outlined in details what plans are proposed for coverage of the Democratic National Convention. Explained in our proposal, our firm has been able to make sure that all points of interest have been covered concerning the participants of the convention and the public. Our firm has also incorporated the use of the S.T.E.E.P. Analysis method in order to prepare for the risk that may take place during the event. Our firm has also mapped out a plan for the safety of law enforcement agents that will participate in helping provide security at the convention. Council members will notice that the proposal includes the use of local, state and federal police. Our firm understands this is a huge responsibility and knows that teamwork and consist communication with other law enforcement agencies is the key to the success of the event. In closing, our firm understands the responsibility involved with providing security for the convention and can ensure the safety of the publ ic and the candidates and ensure our firm can provide effective risk management. References Chavez, D., Tenon, J., & Knap, N. (2004). Social Responsibility. Journal of Parkland Recreation Administration, 22 (3), 22-38. Scalet, S. (2004) In Depth: Democratic Party Convention Security. Silvers, J. (2007). Risk Management for Meetings and Events. . Massachusetts. Elsevier Limited. p. 1-3. Tarlow, P. (2002). Event Risk Management and Safety. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. p. 85-89. Van Der, H., Bradfield, B., Cairns, & Wright (2002). The Sixth Sense, Ch. 7 Scenario Planning in the Organizational Context. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Wiktionary. Com. Social Responsibility.

Gandhi Syria and Modern Freedoms Essay

Gandhi Syria and Modern Freedoms Essay Gandhi: Syria and Modern Freedoms Essay Syria in the Midst of a Civil War The Middle East was at one point a rich, cultural hub, filled with many different people from the world trying to catch a glimpse of the wonder. It was similar to what New York city is today. Traders and merchants would roam marketplaces, trying to either sell, buy, or trade merchandise from all over the world. Today, it is much different. The whole entire region is plagued with war, brothers fighting brothers, trying to find their place in this world. Syria’s civil war has become one of the most intense conflicts in the Middle East due to sectarian dispute, government oppression, and a desire for modern freedoms. Syria is a Middle-Eastern country that has been ruled by an oppressive, authoritarian form of government (â€Å"Syria Profile†). The party that controls this government is called the Ba’ath party, and is controlled by the Alawites of the Shia sect of religion (â€Å"Syria Profile†). In order to gain more freedoms and have a voice in the government, the Syrian people are rebelling against this government in hopes of electing a president who is not from the Shia party (â€Å"Syria Profile†). The government does not like the West and is in isolation from them, not wanting any help and wishing that they would leave it alone to govern how it wishes (â€Å"Syria Profile†). However, the United Nations sees the Ba’ath party as non-representing of the Syrian population and recognize the rebellion as the true representation of Syria, encouraging the rebels to succeed in overthrowing their government (â€Å"Syria Profile†). The biggest problem has turned out to be sectarian disputes that keep the war going. One of the biggest factors of the war, the Syrian nation’s religious disputes which stemmed from the beginning of the Islamic religion, continue on today. Following the death of Muhammed, a power struggle between two beliefs caused the Shia and Sunni Sects to be f ormed fights have extended throughout the Middle East, and are especially prominent in Syria (Gelfand 50). Their actions have been destabilizing the whole entire country, as one of the greatest power struggles in the world continues on today. The Shia in Syria take the form of the Ba’ath party, the dominant ruling party of the Syrian government, and fight against the Sunni who take the form of the rebels and the rebellion (Gelfand 50). The rebels want a democratic rule where they are represented, while the regime wishes to keep on going with their authoritarian government (Gelfand 51). Violent protests and military actions support both sides of the war, with the Shia having a militaristic advantage. The Shia-controlled government has been presiding over Syria since 1956, contributing to the ongoing war through their different ideologies. The Alawite party, an elite party within the Shia, holds a base of operations in Damascus, the current capital of Syria (â€Å"Regime vs. R ebels†). The ideology from the conception of the Shia still holds true to the form of government today: the descendants of Ali, the Alawite party, control the government instead of a publicly appointed ruler (â€Å"Regime vs. Rebels†). The Sunni rebels fight against this with the thought that the ruler should be one picked by popular vote so that he can represent the population better. However, the Shia can maintain that control through a strong army and support from Russia and China who provide them with weapons and tanks, and use that to conquer the rebelling Sunni (â€Å"Regime vs. Rebels†). Their main concern is that they believe a country can â€Å"dissent and restore order in their territory† (Regime vs. Rebels†). This ideology has plummeted Syria into chaos, because many, like the rebels, feel that the government should be of the people, and fight for that belief. The Sunni rebels fight against the Sunni every day to start a representative gov ernment, keeping Syria from achieving a stable environment for humans to fully prosper. The Muslim Brotherhood, a section of the Sunnis, first

Why the drinking age should be lowered to 18 Research Proposal

Why the drinking age should be lowered to 18 - Research Proposal Example Based on this assumption we argue that the age for drinking should be lowered to 18 years old. We will begin with evidence that opposes the lowering of the drinking age and then argue the benefits of it. Gordie Bailey Jnr had been drinking in order to impress some frat house members at his college. The boy drank until her was unconscious and it was assumed that he had 'passed out'. However, Gordie Bailey did not wake up (Roan 2008). This is an example of what terrifies the public and parents in particular. While this may not be an isolated case, and may occur more frequently but to a lesser degree, there is little control even with legislations over such situations. The 2006 Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine conducted research to determine the dangers of underage drinking. The results showed that drinking from the age of around 14 leads to a 47% chance of developing a life-time dependency as opposed to only 9% after the age of 21 (Roan 2008).There appears to be rather conclusive evidence damning the use of alcohol at a young age. However, the first set of information requires the age of 14 upwards to use alcohol in order to develop dependencies, which is a whole 4 years b elow the 18 year cut off for legal alcohol use. Even if the legislature legalized the use of alcohol at age 18, the 14 year age group would still drink illegally. The Juvenile Justice Center identifies 18 years old as a critical age for mental growth and change. This period is where the brain discards tissue it has accumulated during the teenage years that is no longer necessary. This is in order to regulate and balance brain functions (JJC 2004: 2). Drug and alcohol dependencies can be developed during this time and it is noted to be critical in brain development. Despite this, teenagers evidently still use dependence forming drugs such as alcohol and crystal methamphetamines (and other drugs) illicitly. Cracking down on the drinking age does not appear to be a suitable or practical solution to the problem in any event. Some psychoanalytical studies believe that alcoholism is predisposed in people. Theorists such as Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein relate dependencies to the oral stage of development. This is the stage where the infant is supposed to derive feelings for orally manifest articles. If this stage is deprived or not completed fully, the child develops fixations that carry to adulthood. Other arguments based on psychiatric evidence realte depression and family genetics to alcoholism rather than purely having it available for use. The DSM-IV Sourcebook is the American Psychiatric Association reference sourcebook used for diagnosis of disorders states: "The morbid risk rates for alcoholism in antisocial personality were significantly higher for relatives of patients with nonendogenous/nonmelancholic depression" (DSM-IV 1996: 217). While this does evidently not rule out the effects of underage drinking, it does explain why some youth may become dependent faster than others, if at all. There is a co-dependency of a number of variables that have to be present before a person can formally be called 'alcoholic'. A study done by Marlatt, Demming and Reid also challenged the hypothesis that alcohol abuse was pathological. Their study showed that when

Performance Analysis in Sport (Physiological profiling) Essay

Performance Analysis in Sport (Physiological profiling) - Essay Example This helps in creating training programs that are efficient and reliable in improving the performance of soccer players (Subic, Ujihashi and Fuss, 2008). The various tests done on soccer players must reflect the fitness requirements for these players, which includes speed, flexibility, aerobic endurance and speed endurance. This paper provides the physiological profile of a soccer player, and it focuses on the profile of a striker. A good body shape, weight, body composition and height is a physiological needs that professional football players usually need. Football players usually vary in height and weight, more so when ethnic backgrounds are considered. For example, research proves that Asian players are always small in size, when they are compared to European or African players. In soccer, mid-fielders are always smaller in size, while central defenders are always taller in size. In terms of weight, research denotes that professional football players normally have an average weight of 77.7kg, while their body shape is always muscular (Burke and Deakin, 2010). The body composition of these players is very important, because too much fat will affect their ability to move fast, and jump around. This is due to too much weight in their body. On this basis, footballers must always take care on what they eat, and the nutritional composition of their diets. Football players always need to have strong muscle strength (Gamble, 2012). Due to the muscular body shape of soccer players, they need to have strength on the upper parts of their bodies. In as much as this should be the case, research denotes that most of these players lack this type of strength. This is partly because most of their training programs do not have provisions on working on their upper parts of the body. Most of these programs concentrate on the lower parts of the footballers body (Madden, 2010). Need for an anaerobic power is an important need for

Mobile tecnology services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mobile tecnology services - Assignment Example Vodafone Business Email, Windows Mobile Email and Blackberry from Vodafone provide business customers, ranging from small start-up companies to multinational corporates, with wireless access to their enterprise and internet based email. Vodafone live- Vodafone live! is our on-handset communications and multimedia portal, which gives you access to services like games, ringtones, news, sports and information. We are always enhancing and improving Vodafone live! to provide better and richer content and make it easier for you to access it. Vodafone live! is available over our 3G network, enabling far higher quality content and communication services, like news broadcasts, sports highlights, music videos and movie trailers. Content partners include Time Warner, News Corp, NBC, Universal and Sony. The 3G service also supports full-track music downloads. You can use your phone to listen to music, choosing from more than 750,000 music tracks to download. Agreements with Sony BMG Music Entertainment, EMI, Universal Music, Warner Music and independent music labels secure music from some of the world's greatest artists. Vodafone live! also includes useful information services for driving directions, train and flight times and much more. The full Vodafone live! service is included with the latest Vodafone live! mobile handsets. V Vodafone to Roll Out Advanced Customer Service Directly on the Handset- The SNAPin service enables customers to navigate an on-screen visual menu of options which customers can use to answer questions or solve their problems right on the handset. Customers also have the option to connect through to the call centre, bypassing traditional IVR menus, or to get an automatic response directly on their phone. The menu can be tailored according to the needs of different customers. Roper Mobile Technology Roper Mobile Technology is the leading provider of fully rugged, highly customizable computer solutions for challenging environments. Designed from the ground up, the Company's full line of rugged mobile computing solutions include lightweight handhelds, Tablets, Ultra Mobile PCs and fixed mount computers. Roper Mobile Technology provides Customer Services through contact of Technical Support inside the website as well as a form to be filled-up by customers known as Returend Materials Authorization (RMA) MYPORTAL EXCHANGE INC. Services Offered: MyGallery - Offers a unique service of creating your own online photo album so that you won't have to consume as much phone memory. If you're the type of person who loves taking picture of just about everything using (just about any form of device but specially) a mobile phone, then you have encountered problems with your phone memory not being enough. In that case, we have the perfect solution for you! MyGallery offers a unique service of creating our own online photo album so that you won't have to consume as much phone memory. With the lastess technology, it has become a lot easier to upload pictures and download them via the Internet or WAP-enabled phones. SchoolConnect- A product that make use of SMS messaging to utilize the network of parents and students and schools. It has a wide-range of service among which are message broadcasting for example sending out to registered parents that

The context of Church-State Relations Essay Example for Free

The context of Church-State Relations Essay This section sets the context for testing the hypotheses. Historically, church-state relationships have been a recurring and significant source of political controversy in European states. The outcomes of these controversies may be viewed in terms of the following taxonomy: the Erastian model, in which the state has assumed responsibility for the direction of the church; the liberal model, in which the state is secular and neutral in its relationships with the church(es) found in its society; the theocratic model, in which the church has achieved supremacy in religious and secular affairs; the spheres model, in which the church prevails in some spheres and the state in other spheres of society; and the anti-church model, in which the state stands in opposition to the church and seeks to curtail or eliminate religion. The Erastian model. On this model, the state seeks to organize the church as a department of the state. This model is commonly associated with the Protestant German states of the Reformation. The Erastian model confronts the problem of internal religious change, perhaps expressed in controversies over liturgy or doctrinal controversies. From the regulatory perspective, two broad responses to internal change may be taken by the Erastian state. First, the state may simply tolerate a good deal of doctrinal variation within the church viewed as a common religious house. Second, the state may seek to play the role of arbiter or imprimatur in determining the correctness of certain positions in theological disputes. Both positions run the risk of reduced credibility for both the church and the state. The liberal model. The liberal model argues for neutrality of the state in the affairs of churches. It conceives the state as one in which there is no privileged relationship between the state and any particular church. Although the liberal model has its origins in European thought, it may be argued that it has rarely been found in European countries. Few European regimes have adopted neutrality as the basis for church-state regulation. The United States is often judged to be a better example than European nations of the application of the liberal tradition to church-state relations. [14] The United States also is a nation with one of the highest rates of church attendance on either side of the North Atlantic. Does the fact that the American state constructs church-state relations as a wall of separation contribute to the apparently greater American public willingness to attend church and to attach importance to religion? Roger Finke has argued that the deregulation of churches in the United States has promoted religious individualism; that is, for an American church to survive it must attract communicants in the open market by responding to the individuals understanding of religion as one of personal conversion. [15] The theocratic model. Here the church assumes or is given a sphere of influence that embraces both religious and secular spheres. As with the state in the Erastian model, the church is supreme and so the question of the states defining boundaries does not arise. The churchs autonomy in determining public policy is not confined to its membership but embraces the broader community in which the church is located. This model may exist in regions within a state but certainly is not characteristic of nations in Europe today. The best example of a European theocracy in the last century was the Papal states in what is now modern Italy. The spheres model. This model can best be described by saying what it is not. It is not the liberal tradition or the Erastian or the theocratic. Rather, it may be described as the situation in which the society is understood as made up of competing or perhaps complementary spheres. Conflicts between the Holy Roman Emperors and religious hierarchies often reflected this battle over spheres of autonomy. Variations of this model are found in a remarkably wide range of European nations today. These range from nations that profess to be of a certain church, to others that are critical of a specific church. Samuel Krislov argues that the determination of boundaries between church and state is enormously difficult in any system that seeks to recognize separate spheres of responsibility between a church and a state. [16] It is probably useful to conceptualize the spheres model as a continuum. At one end are the Roman Catholic Churches in Ireland and in todays Poland, where the sphere of church influence is quite large and embraces many areas of public policy making. At the other end of the continuum are Scandinavian churches which have narrowly-defined spheres of influence in public policy making. The anti-church model. This final model is one in which the state is deeply critical if not in outright opposition to the church. The former regimes of Eastern Europe reflected an oppositional tradition as historically did the nineteenth and early twentieth century regimes in Mexico and in France which often sought to disestablish or to curtail church life severely. Examples of opposition include expulsion of religious orders, seizure of church resources, and prohibition of many church-sponsored activities.

Acupressure and Shiatsu :: Health Therapy Asia Papers

Acupressure and Shiatsu Massage Therapy/ Oriental methods/ Acupressure and Shiatsu The Purpose of Acupressure/ How Acupressure Works/ Claims of Acupressure/ Support of Claims/ The Purpose of Shiatsu/ How Shiatsu Works/ Claims of Shiatsu/ Support of the Claims/ Conclusion/ Tests ans Studies Massage Therapy Massage therapy is a procedure that affects all systems of the body; digestive, respiratory, lymphatic, circulatory, endocrine and the nervous system. Massage can change the blood by increasing the oxygen capacity, affect the muscles, increase the body's secretions and excretions, affect the nervous system, enhance skin condition and it affects internal organs. Massages benefit you physically, emotionally, spiritually and mentally. Examples of such benefits are stress relief, a relaxed state, quicker recovery time and a bigger sense of self awareness. Massage aids in the circulation of blood, the movement of the lymphatic fluid, the release of toxins, the release of tension, mind/body integration, reduction of stress, energy and enhancement of all bodily systems. It was found in a study of University of Miami students that " a month's worth of massages heightened brain wave activities, decreased anxiety and helped students complete math problems in half the time and with f ewer errors." ( http://www.latimes.com:80/CNS_DAYS/980831/t000079147.html) There are many different methods of massage therapy such as traditional European massages, Contemporary western massages, Structual/Movement/Functional/Integration massages, oriental methods and energetic methods. Oriental Methods " The goal of oriental medicine is to diagnose the nature of imbalance- to discern the 'pattern of disharmony', not to diagnose the name of the disease. There is a saying ' illness is goodness'. Health is balance- illness is a signal of imbalance, and of the body's action to regain that balance." (http://www.shiatsucanada.com/shiatsu/oriental.htm) Oriental methods are taken from the fundamentals of Chinese medicine which are based on flow of energy or chi through the meridians. The oriental way of thinking is the yin and yang. Therefore, the oriental view of good health is when there is a balance between the yin and the yang. The yin is cold, dark and interior while the yang is warm, light and exterior. Despite the fact that they are complete opposites, the Orientals view them as one. " They create each other, define each other, control each other and transform into each other." ( http://www.shiatsucanada.com/shiatsu/oriental.htm) Health includes one's physical, spiritual and emotional roles.

Human Resource Challenges and Practices in IT Industry

Proceedings of the 5th National Conference; INDIACom-2011 Computing For Nation Development, March 10 – 11, 2011 Bharati Vidyapeeth? s Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi Human Resource Challenges & Practices in IT Industry Rakesh S. Patil1, Varsha Patil2 and Pratibha Waje 3 1 Head and 3Lecturer 1,3 Sir Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Chincholi (Sinner) Nashik-422 101 (MS) 2 SNG Institute of Management & Technology, Rajgurunagar, Pune (MS) 1 [email  protected] com and [email  protected] om ABSTRACT The need of organizations for people and people for organizations will be more difficult to satisfy in the today’s competitive business environment. Organization’s competitive advantage could be generated from human resources (HR) and organization performance is influenced by a set of effective HRM practices. Software is a wealth and job creating industry, which has in just a few years, grown to US $ 1 trillion, employing millions of p rofessionals worldwide. The Indian software industry has burgeoned, showing a nearly 50% compounded annual growth rate over the recent years.Being a knowledge-based industry, a high intellectual capital lends competitive advantage to a firm. With a global explosion in market-opportunities in the IT sector, the shortage of manpower both in numbers and skills is a prime challenge for HR professionals. The related issues are varied indeed: recruitment of world-class workforce and their retention, compensation and career planning, technological obsolescence and employee turnover. This paper explains the HR challenges and practices in software Industries. KEYWORDS HRM, IT,HR Strategy, Services 1. INTRODUCTION The economy has transitioned to what some call „The Age of Information? an economy in which gross domestic product is increasingly dominated by services. Services permeate every aspect of our lives. We use transportation services; restaurant services; hotels; electricity and t elephones; postal, courier and maintenance services; services of hairdressers; services of public relations and advertising firms; lawyers; physicians; dentists; stockbrokers and insurance agents; movie theatres; and swimming pools . When we do buy goods, such as new car or a washing machine, we often still rely on services to keep them running and repair them when they break down.Services allow us to budget our time as well as our money. â€Å"The twentieth century was the age of machine; the twenty-first century will be the age of people† Buzzwords like globalization, empowerment, cross functional teams, downsizing, learning organizations and knowledge workers are changing the way of life of managers and the way they manage people. 2. STRATEGIES & POLICIES OF SOFTWARE INDUSTRIES: 1. Motivation & Retention of Employees Retention and motivation of personnel are major HR concerns today.People a Gartner group company specializing in management of human capital in IT organizatio ns has observed that the average tenure for an IT professional is less than three years. Further, the use of new technologies, the support of learning and training, and a challenging environment ranked higher than competitive pay structures as effective retention practices. Our own recent survey of 1028 software professionals from 14 Indian software companies, showed that while the professional gave importance to personal and cultural job-fit, HR managers believed that the key to retention was salary and career satisfaction.Money was a prime motivator for ‘starters', but for those into their third or fourth jobs, their value-addition to the organization was more important. Monetarily, offering ‘the best salaries in industry' is the minimum every company is doing, apart from performancebased bonuses, long-service awards, and stock options. Many organizations frequently conduct employee satisfaction and organization climate surveys, and are setting up Manpower Allocation C ells (MAC) to assign ‘the right project to the right person'.In fact, some are even helping employees with their personal and domestic responsibilities to satisfy & motivate their workforce! 2. Best Talent Attraction In a tight job market, many organizations often experience precipitous and simultaneous demands for the same kinds of professionals. In their quest for manpower, they are cajoling talent around the world. In such a seller's market, software companies are striving to understand which organizational, job, and reward factors contribute to attracting the best talent one having the right blend of technical and person-bound skills.This would mean a knowledge of ‘the tools of the trade' combined with conceptualization and communication skills, capacity for analytical and logical thinking, leadership and team building, creativity and innovation. The Indian software industry suffers from a shortage of experienced people such as systems analysts and project managers, and attracting them is a key HR challenge. 3. Compensation and Reward Increasing demands of technology coupled with a short supply of professionals (with the requisite expertise) has increased the costs of delivering the technology.This makes incentive compensation a significant feature, with the result that software Copy Right  © INDIACom-2011 ISSN 0973-7529 ISBN 978-93-80544-00-7 Proceedings of the 5th National Conference; INDIACom-2011 companies have moved from conventional pay-for-time methods to a combination of pay-for-knowledge and pay-forperformance plans. With the determinants of pay being profit, performance and value-addition, emphasis is now on profit sharing (employee stock option plans) or performance-based pay, keeping in view the long-term organizational objectives rather than short-term production-based bonuses.Skills, competencies, and commitment supercede loyalty, hard work and length of service. This pressurizes HR teams to devise optimized compensation package s, although compensation is not the motivator in this industry. 4. Increasing loyalty and commitment As with any other professional, what really matters to software professionals is selecting ‘the best place to work with', which is what every company is striving to be. The global nature of this industry, and the ‘project-environment' has added new cultural dimensions to these firms.In a value-driven culture, values are determined and shared throughout the organization. Typically, areas in which values are expressed are: performance, competence, competitiveness, innovation, teamwork, quality, customer service, and care and consideration for people. Flat structure, open and informal culture, authority based on expertise and ability rather than position, and flexi-timings are some of the norms software firms follow. The idea is to make the work place a ‘fun place' with the hope of increasing loyalty and commitment. 5.The Demand Supply Gap Shortage of IT professionals is global in nature and not peculiar to the Indian software industry alone. W. Strigel, founder of Software Productivity Centre Inc. (1999) has projected the shortage of software professionals to be one million by 2006. In fact, a survey reports that 75 per cent of US companies planned to reengineer their applications using newer technologies, but found that 72 per cent of their existing staff lacked the skills needed in these technologies, and 14 per cent were not even retrainable. Graph No. 1.Annual demand for IT Professionals For India, it is predicted that in the year 2004 itself, the IT sector will need 1,95,000 professionals. This trend will continue, and in the year 2010 almost 3,70,000 IT professionals will be required (Strategic Review Reports, NASSCOM 19962001). Consequently, recruitment managers are exploring new sources of IT manpower from non-IT professional sectors, as well fresh, trainable science graduates. 6. Integrating HR strategy with Business Strategy The strate gic HR role focuses on aligning HR practices with business strategy.The HR professional is expected to be a strategic partner contributing to the success of business plans, which to a great extent depend on HR policies pertaining to recruitment, retention, motivation, and reward. The other major areas of concern for HR personnel in this context are, management of change, matching resources to future business requirements, organizational effectiveness, and employee development. 7. Encouraging Quality and Customer focus Today? s corporate culture needs to actively support quality and customer orientation.With globalization and rapid technological change, quality is of utmost importance for the Indian companies, which earn most of their revenues through exports. Hence, the HR professional as a strategic partner needs to encourage a culture of superior quality to ensure customer satisfaction, the only real measure of quality of a product or service. To be competitive today, an organizat ion needs to be customer responsive. Responsiveness includes innovation, quick decision-making, leading an industry in price or value, and effectively linking with suppliers and vendors to build a value chain for customers.Employee attitudes correlate highly with customer attitude. The shift to a customer focus redirects attention from the firm to the value chain in which it is embedded. HR practices within a firm should consequently be extended to suppliers and customers outside the firm. 8. Value Addition training for up-gradation of Skills Rapid and unpredictable technological changes, and the increased emphasis on quality of services are compelling software businesses to recruit adaptable and competent employees.Software professionals themselves expect their employers provide them with all the training they may need in order to perform not only in their current projects, but also in related ones that they may subsequently hold within the organization. As observed by Watts Humphr ey, Fellow of the Carnegie Mellon University, â€Å"as software professionals gain competence, they do not necessarily gain motivation. This is because a creative engineer or scientist who has learned how to accomplish something has little interest in doing it again.Once they have satisfied their curiosity, they may abruptly lose interest and seek an immediate change†. And when the rate of technological change is high may be higher than the time required to acquire competence in one area professionals could undergo psychological turbulence owing to the need to work in a new technology throughout their career. They want to gain new knowledge, which will be utilized by their organization. On the basis of the new learning they want to work in higher segments of software value chain. Therefore, constant up-Copy Right  © INDIACom-2011 ISSN 0973-7529 ISBN 978-93-80544-00-7 Human Resource Challenges & Practices in IT Industry gradation of employee skills poses yet another challeng e for HR personnel. 3. CHALLENGES FOR IT INDUSTRY: The main challenges to the IT Industry are i. Recruitment planning ii. Performance management iii. Training and development iv. Compensation management v. HRM as whole 1. Recruitment Planning: Recruitment planning is most important component in new people management with special reference to IT industry.We have to deal with human assets so it becomes important and have good quality of people in the organization. We have to take the recruitment planning in very serious manner to ensure that we can get best talent in the organization. 2. Performance management: Now the challenges how to manage the performance of your employees. You have to get right person in a organization to manage your business. The challenge should be to create a performance culture where you can provide opportunities for enhance performance, where optimum performance becomes a way life. 3.Training and development: This is another challenging area in IT industry. We have to chalk out a suitable strategy for training & development so that employees are well equipped to handle the challenges in advance. 4. Compensation management: The IT industry is one of the high paying industries. This is very competitive industry, we have to attract best talent, offer best possible compensation package to the employees. Now IT companies are having ESOP with the compensation package. But the really challenge should be how we are able to incorporate all the subsystems in HR.Ultimately this would help the organization for achieving exceptional performance. People have to be groomed to get in with the performance culture. We have to create an environment that stimulates the creation of knowledge, its sustenance will be the challenge for IT companies in the future. HR department cannot function with traditional systems. Now the role will shift to HR facilitator, to facilitate change process. HR facilitator will have to involve the whole organization in this pro cess and act as a guide, coach, counselor and facilitator.Any organization in the IT industry will have to face these challenges like Infosys, Satyam, Pentafour, DSQ Software, Micro soft India, Intel India. These IT companies are leaders in their own stride. They have excellent recruitment policies, huge data bank, and placement agencies. They are also having rigorous tests to ensure that they can get high profile talent that will fit in their culture. They have best performance system that evaluates the organization as whole. They have been able to tackle the quantum of performance with fairly efficient manner.The prime tasks for these IT companies are to build corporate culture. They are diverting all the efforts to build performance driven culture. The major issue for these companies to get right man for right job. We have to find person with the required skills, experiences, mindsets, and also he must be suitable for these organizations. 5. Attrition and Retention: IT companies are having high degree of attrition. The challenges for these companies are to keep this attrition rate as low as possible. Various companies adopt different techniques to retain their employees like high pay packets, ESOP, other benefits.So we have to keep this attrition rate as low as possible to retain super achievers. CONCLUSION With the advent of a work situation where more and more companies are having to concede that their valued employees are leaving them, a new concept of career and human resource management is bound to emerge. The focus of this new paradigm should not only be to attract, motivate and retain key ‘knowledge workers', but also on how to reinvent careers when the loyalty of the employees is to their ‘brain ware' rather than to the organization.With lifetime employment in one company not on the agenda of most employees, jobs will become short term. Today's hightech employees desire a continuous up-gradation of skills, and want work to be exciting an d entertaining a trend that requires designing work systems that fulfill such expectations. As employees gain greater expertise and control over their careers, they would reinvest their gain back into their work. HR practitioners must also play a proactive role in software industry. As business partners, they need to be aware of business strategies, and the opportunities and threats facing the organization.As strategists, HR professionals require to achieve integration and fit to an organization's business strategy. As interventionists, they need to adopt an allembracing approach to understanding organizational issues, and their effect on people. Finally, as innovators, they should introduce new processes and procedures, which they believe will increase organizational effectiveness REFERENCES [1]. Noe, R. A. , Hollenbeck, J. R. , Gerhart, B. and Patrick, P. M. (2007) â€Å"Human Resource Management: Gaining aCompetitive Advantage†, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 2]. Prasad, K. (2005) â€Å"Strategic Human Resource Management: Text and Cases†, Macmillan India Ltd. , New Delhi. [3]. Kandula,Srinivas R. (2003) â€Å"Human Resource Management in practice with 300 models : Techniques and Tools†, Sage, Delhi [4]. Rao T. V. , Rao Raju, and Yadav Tara. (2001). â€Å"A Study of HRD concepts, structure of HRD Copy Right  © INDIACom-2011 ISSN 0973-7529 ISBN 978-93-80544-00-7 Proceedings of the 5th National Conference; INDIACom-2011 [5]. [6]. [7]. [8]. [9]. [10]. [11]. [12]. [13]. [14]. [15]. epartments, and HRD practices in India†, Vikalpa, ol 261, No. 1, Jan. -Mar Page 49-62. Siekel Tom. (2002). â€Å"After CRM, it’s ERM: Employee Relationship Management Indian Management†, Vol. 41, Issue 9, July p. 38 Storey J. (ed. ) (1989). â€Å"New Perspectives in Human Resource Management†, Routledge, London, p. 114. Truss Catherine. (2001). â€Å"Shifting the paradigm in Human Resource Management: From the resource based view to c omplex adaptive system†. Published in a Research Paper on Human Resource Management by Kingston Business School, Kingston University Thite, M. 2004) â€Å"Managing People in the New Economy: Targeted HR Practices that Persuade People to Unlock their Knowledge Power†, Response Books, New Delhi. Truss, C. (2001) â€Å"Complexities and Controversies in Linking HRM with Organizational Outcomes† Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 38, No. 8. Walker, J. W. and Stopper, W. G. (2000) â€Å"Developing Human Resource Leaders† Human Resource Planning, Vol. 23, No. 1, p. 38-44. Webb, J. (2004) â€Å"Putting Management Back into Performance: A Handbook for Managers and Supervisors†, Allen & Unwin, Australia.Joynt, P. and Morton, B. (2005) â€Å"The Global HR Manager: Creating the Seamless Organization†, Jaico Publishing House, Mumbai. Jyothi, P. and Venkatesh, D. N. (2006) â€Å"Human Resource Management†, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Kandol a, R. and Fullerton, J. (1994) â€Å"Managing the Mosaic: Diversity in Action†, IPD, London. Kandula, S. R. (2004), â€Å"Human Resource Management in Practice: With 300 Models, Techniques and Tools†, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi. Copy Right  © INDIACom-2011 ISSN 0973-7529 ISBN 978-93-80544-00-7

A Life In The Day Of (creative writing)

My mother knocks. The door opens. Bright light blasts into my consciousness; I cannot see. I leap out of bed to reduce the longing to return and the cold hits me like a slap. As you can probably tell, I am not a morning person – I never have been. I have learnt to hate them over the years. We have never had heating on until Mid-November because my parents insist that they can't afford to heat the whole house. This makes mornings a nightmare! Once I'm up, I can just about manage. I dress and eat breakfast to music. Music is a significant thing for me. My parents used to be in a band together and my mother is still trying to get a record-deal. She always likes to think of herself as a young and trendy mum. She is really into the house and garage music scene, but me†¦I'm a different story. Everyone in my family has opposite views on music. My mother and one of my little sisters, Heidi, like pop and garage music. My father, my youngest sister, and I like rock and Heavy Metal. This causes terrible arguments over what to listen to in the car or whilst eating dinner. However, the one band that we all agree on is Nirvana. I am a massive fan of Nirvana and have flags and posters of them all over my room. This is why I listen to Nirvana in the mornings – because nobody minds. By the time I get to school, I am (almost) fully awake. I have to walk to the station and get the train to school so I arrive at school feeling like I've been up for ages. Once I get my brain in gear it doesn't slow down. I constantly think – about everything! I occasionally come out with a random comment, completely off the subject because I've been thinking about it while everyone else is speaking. People have therefore got the impression that I'm slightly mindless because I never know what people are talking about. Although I don't like to admit it, I am fascinated by Philosophy. It takes up much of my precious thinking time. How can anyone not be fascinated by everything around them? Everyone takes so much for granted – like life. What is it? What is reality? Even simple things like how do I know that the table in front of me exists – how can I prove it? All this fascinates me. When I am an adult, I want to work with people's minds. I would like to be a phyciatrist or a therapist. I don't believe that anyone is born evil or with a mental disorder. If they are, I believe that their condition can be resolved. Everyone is capable of leading a perfectly normal life if they have a fully functional brain. Maybe I could help a lot of people solve their problems and make life more enjoyable for them. As I sit in my lessons, I try to comprehend everything I'm told. I think the best method of revision is not to have colourful post-its on every page. I refuse to use anything like that because no matter how exciting you try to make a boring subject – it will still be boring. Instead I go through the year trying to understand what I am taught as I am taught it. If you read through the textbook before the exam and try to understand everything it says, it is a lot better than frantically trying to memorise a list of words and numbers. Lunchtime approaches and I anticipate the bell. Lessons can be enjoyable but I'm starving. Lunchtime symbolises a period of time where I have no excuse but to socialise. That is one of the few things in life I find really hard because I lack self-confidence. People find it strange that I always have a tissue with me. My parents think it is like a comfort blanket for me. I think so too. My life at the moment is torn between work and play; it is really hard to juggle both. In order to keep your friends, (if friends they are) you have to seem as if you don't care about work – even if you do. In lessons when they try to disrupt you, you can't tell them to be quiet because that will show that you are really interested. Instead, you have to grit your teeth and pretend you are listening to both teacher and friend. I've found that if you nod occasionally to your friend, they will get bored after a while. Actually during the lunch break there is another crisis. How can you ever know what to talk about? I am fine when I'm in a one to one – but in a group, like at lunch, I panic! However, I can often be an extrovert. I survive in crowds by encouraging them to laugh at me. If I intend for them to laugh at me, it can't humiliate me but if I try to get people to laugh with me, I could be confronted with an uncomfortable silence. I enjoy making people laugh now and I have acquired an image with some people as being almost like a comedian or a clown. I enjoy this image and it boosts my self-confidence. I don't mind being laughed at if I am hoping that my thoughts will be funny to someone. Some people laugh at me because I feel so strongly about things that don't matter to many others. I find now, in secondary school, people don't often laugh cruelly and make fun of you. I don't have to worry as much about what people think of me. I like that. I am usually in a good mood when I start the afternoon of lessons. That is, if my confidence hasn't failed me during lunch and I ended up sitting alone. The afternoon lessons usually shoot by and it's three-thirty before I know it. I pack my bag to go home with eagerness and set off for the station. Usually, all the way home we get caught up in one debate or another. Once, we started discussing the theory of relativity and what it was. That debate didn't finish until nine o'clock that night because one of us had to look it up in Britannica. I am usually the loudest member of these debates because I have an opinion on almost everything. When I get home and I've finished my homework, I usually start reading. I have always enjoyed reading and have now become quite fast at it. This is not only a chance for me to relax, but also a chance for me to get lost in a different world where I shrink into insignificance. I love to read fantasy books where there are exciting adventures. ‘Lord of the Rings' by J.R.R. Tolkein is probably my favourite. There are four adventures all rolled into one and a completely new world is created where even the people are different. Without reading and music, I could never switch off. They give me new things to think about. I am a very emotional person and I let myself become totally involved in any task at hand. When I read a book, I am really there. When I listen to music, I can do whatever I like. My life becomes unimportant and I can forget about my problems and concentrate on other things. I get ready to sleep, and wonder what my life will become. My one ambition is to go to Africa or Brazil, and help disadvantaged families there get themselves out of the well of poverty. Why does it really matter if a good friend of mine decides that she doesn't care about me any more? Who cares about my self-confidence levels? I just hope that I can make a positive difference in the world somewhere. I know I will someday, nothing else matters. I can't just sit and pray for people because I am an atheist. At last, I drift off into mindless slumber, in my safe and insulated world of duvet.

book report on Thomas Jefferson essays

book report on Thomas Jefferson essays Thomas Jefferson by Norman Risjord is a biography of the third president of the United States that takes Thomas Jefferson from his youth through his later years in the early 19th century. The purpose of this book is to give a political and social overview of the Thomas Jefferson's life and career. It was written for both the student of American history and the casual reader interested in the genesis of the United States government, seen through the eyes of one of its founding fathers. The value of this book is that it shows that Jefferson was not a saint, yet he was one of the most intelligent presidents that the country has ever had. Risjord has given the book great value because he has framed Jefferson among his peers. Consequently, the book truly comes to life, and the reader is able to learn about Jefferson as well as his contemporaries James Madison, John Marshall, and John Adams. The scope of the book is all-inclusive. Risjord begins with Jefferson's birth on April 13, 1743 on his father's plantation, Shadwell, in Goochland County on the western edge. The narrative continues on to show Jefferson graduating from William and Mary College, then entering politics in Virginians House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson married Martha Skelton on New Year's Day, 1772. With the Virginia legislature from 1776 to 1779, Jefferson formed the groundwork for abolition of entail and primogeniture, for the establishment of religious freedom, and not for the public school system. Jefferson was of course the author of the Declaration of Independence, and because he had set this document in motion, he waited out the Revolutionary War to see if the colonies would win. If they had lost, Jefferson would have been hanged for treason against the King of England. He served as the minister to France from 1785 to 1789. At this time there was growing opposition to Alexander Hamilton and his p ...

Monetary Policy in the US Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monetary Policy in the US - Assignment Example In order to overcome this problem, it is recommended that the policy implementation shall be incremental in nature with built in mechanisms to set threshold levels to trigger automatic responses where policy do not seem to deliver the desired monetary policy outcomes. Open market operations is one of the most frequently used tools that is being exercised by any central bank including FED. Open market operations basically involve the buying and selling of securities in open market in order to achieve the different monetary policy outcomes. Open Market Operations tend to provide an opportunity to FED to affect the banking system in following manner: 1. Affecting interest rates: through open market operations, FED basically mop out or in the liquidity within the banking system. By buying the securities, FED basically increase the supply of loanable funds thus interest rates tend to go down for short term period whereas by selling the securities, the liquidity is decreased which than increase the interest rates. 2. Controlling the volume of Credit: Through open market operations, FED basically increase or decrease the volume of credit as it either suck in the excess liquidity from the market or pump in new funds into the system. Through both methods, the overall extent of loanable funds can be increased or decreased in order to achieve the monetary policy objectives of the firm. 3. Open market operations also tend to affect the bank deposits because by floating securities in the market, FED basically take out funds from the banks which indirectly affect the deposits of the banks. Banks are required to keep a certain percentage of their funds as reserve with the FED in order to meet the uncertainties. FED can increase or decrease this percentage with the passage of time and according to the economic situation. Further banks can also borrow from the one window facility at the FED and the rate charged by FED on such funds is called discount rate.

The English Reformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The English Reformation - Essay Example This paragraph will examine the role of Martin Luther in the reformation of Western Civilization. Church has been dominating force in Western Civilization and over the period of time, it assumed the central role across different Regions because of the Catholic majority. What is, however, critical to note that many people actually considered Pope and Church involved in the worldly affairs and distracting from the original mandate of the same. Martin Luther was the person who basically called for the reformation of the Catholic Church and set the foundation for Protestant movement. By presenting his 95 theses he called for the full reforms of the Church and set forth the chain reaction which actually ensured personal freedom and proved as a move towards more liberal and open society in Western civilization. (Mullett) This will discuss the role of John Calvin in the reformation of the Western Civilization and how his theology challenged the Catholic Church. John Calvin played even a bigger role in the reformation process and his achievements are considered as even better than that of Martin Luther. Probably his greatest achievement in terms of the Reformation was further solidification of Protestant ideology and the flourishing of the Protestant churches across Europe. Though he and Luther shared the same theology, however, his influence in Germany proved as one of the deciding factors in terms of the spread of Protestantism across the region. The birth of Puritans, therefore, proved as a vital development which challenged the position of the established Catholic Church and appointed their own ministers without reporting to the Church. Calvin, therefore, was instrumental in founding what is now called Calvinism and was an important figure in reformation.