Land Use in Pinchot Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Land Use in Pinchot - Lab Report Example brought about a lessening in the number of inhabitants in the predator/prey environment while the half and 75% fracture made a progressively twisted conveyance of the species. This shows the speculation ought to be acknowledged. It was seen that expanding discontinuity is legitimately relative to the expansion in bounty of the Spiny Firegrass (SFG) and Elk populace. The wolf and bluebunch wheatflower (BBWF) populace stayed consistent at 0% and 25% fracture and definitely dropped at half and 75% discontinuity. The expansion of the BBWF, elk and wolf made a progressively adjusted biological system in the 0%, 25% and half discontinuity as influenced by the chain of command of the species in the trophic level (Moorecroft, n.d.). The expanding discontinuity caused the expansion in the wealth of the SFG as a result of the expanded measure of direct daylight achieved by deforestation. The natural surroundings has gotten progressively great for the SFG, while ominous for the wolf and BBWF which take safe house and security from the backwoods. Lindsey (2007) accentuated that deforestation straightforwardly makes the species relying upon the timberlands helpless; and for this situation, it will be the wolves and BBWF. The wolves can be viewed as the cornerstone species in the Pinchot environment on the grounds that the outcomes acquired from the 75% discontinuity made a trophic course in light of the fact that there was few the more elevated level predator that will have the option to control the quantity of the elks in the biological system (Moorecroft, n.d.). The perceptions accumulated shows that the biological system is a top-down control of populace elements. Deforestation and endless suburbia directly affects the food web on the grounds that these two exercises imperil the more elevated level predator, causing a trophic course in the biological system (Moorecroft, n.d.). Deforestation gives a superior living space to the multiplication of SFG, and endless suburbia drives away the wolves that live in the forested areas, causing the expansion in the elk populace, and thus draining the

Prejudice and Descrimination Essay Example for Free

Preference and Descrimination Essay Generalizing, preference, and segregation are a piece of regular day to day existences. A lot of summed up convictions and assumptions regarding a particular gathering and its individuals is known as generalizing. Generalizing can regularly prompt partiality, a negative, or positive, assessment of a gathering and its individuals. Normal generalizations and types of preference include racial, strict, and ethnic gatherings. Following up on these negative generalizations brings about segregation which is a conduct coordinated towards people based on their participation in a specific gathering. (Feldman, 2010) Throughout this paper I will talk about why preference and segregation exist, a few models since forever and how to diminish it. Where does bias and segregation originate from? As indicated by Robert S Feldman â€Å"No one has ever been conceived despising a particular racial, strict, or ethnic gathering. † (Feldman, 2010) People figure out how to loathe. Generalizing and preference practices originate from guardians, different grown-ups, and peers. At a youthful age kids are educated to have negative sentiments about individuals from different gatherings. This learning begins as right on time as the age of three. The broad communications additionally educates about generalizing, for kids as well as for grown-ups too. At the point when off base depictions are an essential wellspring of data about a minority gathering, they can prompt troublesome generalizations. (Feldman, 2010) Throughout history we have seen numerous instances of preference and separation. A notable model would be the Holocaust. During 1939 through 1945 Adolf Hitler was fixated on freeing Germany from every single outside race including the Jewish populace. Hitler accepted that the Jewish residents were shielding the nation from succeeding monetarily, strategically, and socially. In view of this Hitler started to nullify German Jews and toward the finish of 1945 about 6,000,000 Jewish individuals were killed due to Hitler’s separation (RB 66). The Holocaust may have occurred over fifty years back in another nation, however bias and separation is as yet alive today everywhere throughout the United States. The September eleventh fear based oppressor assaults have caused generalizations, bias and separation to happen towards the Muslim religion. The Muslim religion follows the 6 Pillars of Islam, the last column is Jihad. Numerous Americans have the possibility that Jihad implies â€Å"Holy War† and that it is a piece of the Muslim religion to assault and threaten different religions, when in certainty Jihad implies â€Å"The commitment to endeavor to spread the religion over the world†. Numerous religions likewise trust it is there obligation to show their religion, exactly how Christians have evangelists. Both of these models show exactly how genuine separation can be. By what means can the world lessen bias and separation? As indicated by Robert S Feldman, analysts have built up a few techniques that have demonstrated viable. The first is to build contact between the objective of generalizing and the holder of the generalization examine shows that expanding the measure of communication between gatherings can diminish negative generalizing. The second is to make esteems and standards against bias progressively prominent. Simply reminding individuals about the qualities they as of now hold with respect to balance and reasonable treatment of others. So also, individuals who hear others making solid, against prejudice proclamations are along these lines bound to firmly denounce bigotry. The third and most direct methods for changing cliché and prejudicial qualities is giving data about the objectives of generalizing. Teach individuals to be increasingly mindful of positive attributes of focuses of generalizing. (Feldman, 2010) Prejudice and segregation is surrounding us. Nobody is destined to separate. Guardians, peers and even broad communications are showing kids as youthful as three to separate towards different gatherings of individuals. History has indicated us exactly how far one person’s partiality can go. It begins as an essential generalization towards one gathering of individuals and develops into loathe and segregation that takes a very long time to stop. Luckily clinicians have seen the harm of preference and segregation and have discovered that expansion contact, showing positive qualities against bias, and instruction are approaches to diminish it. (Feldman, 2010) Although preference and segregation keeps on existing Gandhi, Cesar Chavez and Martin Luther King have been solid instances of how to diminish it each day in turn. . Assets Botwinick, Rita. A History of the Holocaust. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. Friedman, N. L. (1985). Educating about the holocaust. (4 ed. , Vol. 12). American Sociological Association. Feldman, R. S. (2010). Brain science and your life. (p. 584). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Gilbert, D. T. , Fiske, S. T. , Lindzey, G. (1998). The handbook of social brain research . (4 ed. , Vol. 2). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Reflections from the other side of the desk

Reflections from the “other side” of the desk It has only been a couple of months since I left MIT Admissions for a college counseling position in Providence, RI.   While I am no longer an official member of the broader MIT community, I find that it is difficult for me to fully articulate how I can feel inexplicably connected to and simultaneously disconnected from this place that I spent the last several years. To some degree, the disconnect is easier to explain.   I no longer live in the Cambridge area.   The Red Line no longer delivers me to the Kendall/MIT stop on a daily basis, and I no longer spend my days with the wonderfully idiosyncratic family of the admissions office, who will always be special to me. The feeling of connection is a bit more complex. When I think of MIT, I think of an incredible place where amazing people do remarkable things every day. It is also a place where many discover that their quirks and eccentricities are an important dimension of who they are, and fit quite nicely into the mosaic of the community.   When students, in particular, are freed from the pressure to conform, because their value to the community is based primarily on what they accomplish, they rarely cease to amaze. While all of that is good, I was not, and am not, one of those amazing people. My role, which I was privileged to have, was simply to help identify and select them. As I reflect about my experience at MIT, I am reminded of something that Stu Schmill once said to me, which was essentially that MIT is a dynamic place and that any new member of the community (including me) changes it. At the time, I dont think I fully appreciated what he was saying, and I certainly didnt think about the ways that I would be changed by MIT. In retrospect, it makes perfect sense. It is the same reason why the Ben Jones and Bryan Nances, whose tenures ended prior to my arrival, and the Matt McGanns and Quinton McArthurs whose tenures extend beyond my departure, continue to build and sustain connections here Because they are MIT, and I suppose that even from a distance, to some degree,  I am as well. So despite my departure, I will probably continue to check in periodically (as long as I am permitted to do so) to share insight and perspective from a variety of experiences, including my new life as a high school college counselor. My College Counseling Colleagues @ Moses Brown School (photo by Peter Goldberg)

British Policy and The American Colonies Essay - 1247 Words

Changes in British policies toward the colonies between 1750 and 1776 played paramount in the evolution of relations between British North America and Mother England. Tension between England and the colonies mounted from the conclusion of the Seven Years’ War to the signing of the Declaration of Independence as a result of the several implemented changes imposed by Parliament for the purpose of increasing income and tightening the grip on America. During the Seven Years’ War, William Pitt was enlisted to take over command of the British forces from the failing Earl of Londoun. Pitt realized the advantage of employing the help of the colonies to bolster the war effort for the British; to appeal to them, Pitt ensured the colonists they†¦show more content†¦The Proclamation line would forbid colonists from settling west of the Appalachians. This new measure infuriated colonists who felt cheated because the land they had fought so hard for had been given away to the Indians. The frustrations amongst colonists did not stop with the Proclamation Line. In 1764 the Revenue Act, more commonly known as the Sugar Act was passed cutting the duty on molasses in half. Though the reduction in duty was favorable, the act also meant that ships carrying cargo were very closely monitored and those who breached laws regarding duty were tried in juryless admiralty courts. Following the Revenue Act was the Currency act of 1764, which prohibited colonies from producing their own currency; the reasoning was to restrict colonists from paying off debt with currency that was worth less than face value. The British government’s legislation to increase revenue continued beyond the Revenue and Currency Acts. In 1765 the Quartering Act and Stamp Act were enacted. The Quartering Act required colonists to house troops who were stationed in their vicinity. The British reasoned that this would help with the cost of keeping British troops in America. To further boost England’s suffering economy, the Stamp Act was made effective putting tax on paper goods such as legal documents, newspapers, almanacs, playing cards, college diplomas, etc. Violators of the Stamp Act, like the Revenue Act, were tried in admiralty courts. The enforcement ofShow MoreRelated Evolution of British Policy in the Colonies: 1750 to 1776 Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesEvolution of British Policy in the Colonies: 1750 to 1776 The relations between England and the British North American colonies could always be considered precarious. Prior to 1750 British essentially followed a policy of benign neglect and political autonomy in the American colonies. (Davidson p.97) The colonies were for the most part content with benign neglect policy, relishing in a â€Å"greater equality and representative government†(Davidson p.95) within the colonies. Competition among EuropeanRead MoreSalutary Neglect Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the British began to colonize the Americas, and, by the early 1700s, just a couple hundred years later, there were an estimated 250,900 people living in the American colonies. As the colonies grew more autonomous and a number of political issues developed in Britain, the British government began neglect their control of the day-to-day function of the colonies, the result of which was that between the years of about 1690 to 1763, the British employed a policy towards the Amer ican colonies knownRead MoreColonial Response to British Policies 1763-17761265 Words   |  6 Pagescolonial resistance began between the years 1763-1776. The policies of Britain toward their American colonies over this time period escalated tension between the two, and finally led to the rejection of Royal power by the colonies. The British policies caused this outcome because they threatened the colonists’ republican values. 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Both countries created colonies to increase their wealth and expand their economies, but religious freedom played a factor in British colonization. The fundamental differences between the two countries led to a difference in the way the colonies of each country interacted with its government. The relationship of British and Spanish colonists with Native Americans also reflected theRead MoreAmerican Of British Policies After 1775764 Words   |  4 Pagesnformative Writing American Resistance to British Policies before 1775 There were several ways in which the American Colonies resisted Imperial policy before 1775, which led to the American Revolution. Britain’s taxation and infringement of basic rights of the colonists unified the colonies. Many significant events, including the Stamp Act, the Intolerable Acts, the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party, occurred before 1775. In 1764, the British Parliament, under Prime Minister George GrenvilleRead MoreOut Break of the American Revolution1076 Words   |  5 Pagesthe American Revolution 2 The connection between Britain and the English colonies was that of the ruling of the colonies by the king of Britain, King George III and his parliament. The king’s ruling was very unfavorable for the colonists because of his tyrannic dictatorship and unjustly taxations. The mere thought of an island ruling an entire continent thousands of miles away with poor communication and lack of supervision of the colonies by the king, did not work in favor of the colonies norRead MoreA Lot Happened Between 1760 And 1776 Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesideals crystallized and economics policies were the essence of many debates. The British found the colonists unwilling to pay their fair share for the administration of the Empire. After all, citizens residing in England paid more in taxes than was asked of any American during the entire time of crisis. Between 1760 and 1776, British formulated some policies that would make the colonist pay their fair share for the administration of the Kingdom. Some of these policies were; the Sugar Act of 1764, theRead MoreAmerican Revolutionary War781 Words   |  4 PagesAMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR It all started at Jamestown when people first started to colonize America. When the 13 colonies were formed America wanted to separate from Great Britain. The former King George III wouldn’t allow this though. With the onset of the ministry, Britain increased its political power in the colonies in more direct ways. Colonists were bombarded with such policies that many considered to be unjust. Policies such as the Sugar Act of 1764 brought an increased awareness of BritishRead MoreMercantilism Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe several colonies under British control in America were all ruled and governed by the same political and economic policy. Mercantilism is a policy where wealth is equivalent to power. It is the economic theory that a country’s wealth was measured in the amount of bullion it accumulated. Even though this policy was official by the British crown and Parliament, often a different policy advanced into society. Salutary neglect, a concept first written by Edmund Burke and first used by Prime Minister

Financial Crisis And Its Effects On Public Debt - 2487 Words

Blyth defines austerity as â€Å"the ‘common sense’ on how to pay for the massive increase in public debt caused by the financial crisis†, which comes primarily through the elimination of government services. People knowingly take on debt with the intention to then pay it off-- before the financial crisis of 2008 people took on debt to pay bills and banks took on debt to make money by leveraging. When the crisis hit, the government felt the banks were â€Å"too big to fail† (because a crucial part of economic activity in the US is tied up in liquidity of the largest banks) and bailed them out. When a person’s debt becomes too high they pay it down with income rather than continuing to spend and pump money into the economy, or â€Å"deleveraging†. In†¦show more content†¦When entities (households, firms, governments, banks, etc.) believe it is positive all pay off their debt at once. However, many countries’ governments are deci ding to encourage this because no one wants to pay off the huge amount of debt they owe, and rather than increasing taxes they are cutting government services through consolidation under the excuse of not raising taxes. The result, however, is that those at the bottom of the income hierarchy are affected and continue paying their usual taxes anyway which ceasing to receive the benefits they rely on. Professor Mariana Mazzucato describes Europe’s desire to foster places like the US’s Silicon Valley and create empires similar to Amazon and Google. She explains their belief that withdrawing from the state and encouraging things like venture capital will promote growth- but she challenges that assumption. For her, a myth exists that there are two parts to innovation: on the one hand there exists a dynamic, innovative, creative, fast and interesting private sector, and on the other a slow, inertial, bureaucratic, state sector which is believed to at best contain the busines s cycle and create infrastructure for projects. She names three characteristics of innovation: it is collective, uncertain, and cumulative, and believes that the â€Å"entrepreneurial state† has a greater capacity than the private sector to foster innovation not because the it provides fiscal stimulus, builds important infrastructure, or

Meditation, attention and well-being of college students Free Essays

Ask any college student today and they would probably say that being in college is one of the most difficult and consuming endeavor that they have had in their lifetime. College life is not only about going to classes, meeting deadlines, writing papers and completing courses. College life is also about developing analytical and critical minds, learning life-skills, building knowledge and applying it to real-life situations. We will write a custom essay sample on Meditation, attention and well-being of college students or any similar topic only for you Order Now College students need all the help they could get to make their academic lives a little lighter or more manageable. Many self-help books have advocated changing one’s attitude, thinking positively, time-management, building relationships and other methods that one gets a feeling that they do not really provide solutions but just state the obvious. One that has received less attention is in the area of meditation. Literature has found that meditation has positive effects in reducing stress as a relaxation technique. However, meditation has been associated with new age thinking and referred to as spooky stuff that the present generation of college students may not be aware of. Meditation have existed since man first begun creative thinking, it is often referred in religious and spiritual practices. In the early years of psychological investigation, meditation became a popular subject in terms of the experiences that people have when they meditated as well as how it can be an effective relaxation technique. Meditation is being able to become more attuned with one’s inner self and this takes a great deal of directed attention. Attention refers to the ability of the mind or consciousness to attend to a specific area, event, information or thing. Studies on attention have highlighted the detrimental effects of not being able to hold one’s attention, and of how fleeting and short a person’s attention span can be especially in a very complex and stimulus overloaded  environment we have. Directing attention to a single object or thought can be relaxing since it allows the person to be present in the here and now, it was also espoused that training oneself to become more attentive can develop cognitive functioning and thus help in academic performance. College students can benefit in learning and being able to use meditation techniques to cope with the many stresses and anxiety of college life and developing attention skills to further enhance academic performance. It is therefore hypothesized that college students who practice meditation will have a longer attention span and will have higher grades and a more positive mental health and hence increased feelings of well-being. This study will determine if college students who practice meditation techniques on a regular basis have higher attention skills as measured by a behavioral experiment and whether they have more positive feelings of well-being as determined by a well-being inventory. A discussion of meditation and its application into the enhancement of attention, creativity and consciousness is presented to demonstrate the far reaching effects of meditation as a means of aiding college student’s performance in school and their mental health. Meditation Meditation has been defined as process wherein the person achieves an altered sate of consciousness by performing certain rituals and exercises. These exercises include controlling and regulating breathing, sharply restricting one’s field of attention, eliminating external stimuli,  assuming yogic body positions and forming mental images of an event or symbol. The result is a pleasant, mildly altered subjective state in which the individual feels mentally and physically relaxed. Some individuals after extensive meditation practice may have mystical experiences in which they lose self-awareness and gain a sense of being involved in a wider consciousness, however defined. That such meditative techniques may cause a change in consciousness goes back to the ancient times and is represented in every major world religion. Buddhists, Hindus, Sufis, Jews and Christians all have literature describing rituals that induce meditative states (Arambula, Kawakami, Gibney, 2001). Traditional forms of meditation follow the practices of yoga, a system of thought based on the Hindu religion, or Zen which is derived from Chinese and Japanese Buddhism. The two common techniques of meditation are an opening up meditation and concentrative meditation.  Ã‚   In opening-up meditation the subject clears his/her mind for receiving new experiences while in concentrative meditation the benefits are obtained through actively attending to some object, word, or idea. Experimental studies of meditation provide only limited insight into the alterations of consciousness that a person can achieve when meditative practice and training extend over many years. In his study of the Matramudra, a centuries old Tibetan Buddhist text, Brown (1977) has described the complex training required to master the technique. He has shown that cognitive changes can be expected at different meditative levels. A somewhat commercialized and popular form of meditation has been promoted as transcendental meditation or TM ( Hanley Spates, 1978) ). The technique is easily learned from a qualified teacher who gives the novice mediator a mantra and instructions on how to repeat it over and over to produce the deep rest and awareness  characteristic of TM. In TM a person develops a reduced state of physiological arousal; feelings such as peace of mind, a feeling of being at peace with the world and a sense of well-being are reported after engaging in TM. In a now classic study on the effect of TM to college students by Hanley Spates (1978), it was reported that those who were practicing meditation had more positive personalities. In this study, meditation in the form of transcendental meditation (TM) will be used as the meditative process which will be given to college students who will participate in this study. The TM is much easier to learn and practice than the traditional forms of mediation and since it produces feelings of peace and well-being that it suits the purpose of this study. Meditation is categorized under altered states of consciousness and since consciousness is the most basic cognitive function that is closely related to attention, the second part of this study is to determine if meditation enhances attention span and accuracy and in effect would lead to greater academic performance. Meditation and Attention Meditation and attention is unquestionably linked together, meditation is the process by which attention is narrowed and focused on one object or event, and without engaging one’s attention fully to the immediate task, and then nothing will come out of it. Attention must be acutely directed towards the mantra, the breathing of the individual and the experiences one will have during the meditative state. Meditation in effect enhances the ability of the person to direct attention and when attention is more keen and developed, a person can have better concentration  and can better attend to the critical thinking skills needed in college education (Shear Jevning, 1999). Attention has been the earliest subject of the study of psychology, cognitive science have provided evidence that attention is physiological, that it is limited but can be expanded to become more acute and enable the person to become more aware of his/her environment, more appreciative of nature and life and it causes a general feeling of fulfillment and satisfaction. Several studies have tried to find evidence that meditation and attention has a relationship. In a study of the effects of opening-up and concentrative mediation to attention in terms of ignoring distractions and focusing attention (Chan, 2003) found that meditation was positively correlated with the ability to direct attention but it was shown that meditation minutes per day was positively correlated with decreased distractions and mistakes, the form of mediation used or how may years a person has been meditating did not have any significant relationship with the owner. In a similar study, concentrative and mindfulness motivation was measured in terms of how effective it contributed to the task of sustained attention. The study compared the sustained attention of students who had meditation training to those who did not (Valentine Sweet, 1999). The study found that those who had meditation techniques scored better in the sustained attention task wherein those who practiced mindfulness meditation had better scores than the concentrative mediators. The practical applications of an enhanced attention that is not affected by distractions and sustained attention can be directed towards improved academic performance of students. Meditation, Attention and Well-being 7 Meditation and Creativity A new concept put forward by Sarath (2006) advocated the use of meditation techniques to mainstream classroom instruction as it enriches the learning process and enhances the creative process and consciousness of students. Creativity is highly related to the issue of meditation because the experience associated with meditation is similar to the second person approach wherein the student actually creates and produces an output that would enable him/her to have a deeper understanding of the concepts raised in class (Sarath, 2006). The author had argued that education and learning should be focused on providing actual experience of the lesson, not just learning something in books and not being able to work with it. Creative expression of one’s talent and interests should be the main thrust of the school. At the same time, a more sustained attention and inability to be distracted by external stimuli are necessary steps in the practice of creative thinking. Conclusion Meditation is not just for the spiritual and magical but it is also a positive process to develop attention and induce students to relax and communicate with their bodies and their surroundings. College students have to deal with pressures and expectations that they sometimes feel cranky, anxious and fed up. Meditation as evidenced by the studies conducted showed that it could positively affect attitudes, attention span and resistance to distractions. Meditation also has been found to be a medium that could enhance the learning process and encourage creativity. As such, this study has found evidence to support the hypothesis mentioned in the first part. Meditation, Attention and Well-being 8 References Arambula, P., Kawakami, M., Gibney, K.   (2001). The physiological correlates of Kundalini Yoga meditation: A study of a yoga master. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 26; 2, pp. 47-53. Brown, D.P. (1977). A model for the levels of concentrative meditation. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 25; 4: 236-273. Chan, D.P. (2003). Effects of meditation to attention, Unpublished dissertation. University of California. Hanley, C. Spates, J. (1978). Transcendental meditation and social psychological   attitudes. The Journal of Psychology, 99, p121-1127. Sarath, Ed. (2006). Meditation, Creativity and Consciousness: Charting Future Terrain with Higher Education. Teachers College Record, 108; 9, pp 1816-1841. Valentine, E. Sweet, P. (1989). Meditation and Attention: A comparison of the effects of concentrative and mindfulness meditation on sustained attention. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 2; 1, pp 59 to 70. Shear, J. Jevning, R. (1999). Pure consciousness: Scientific exploration of meditation techniques. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 6; 2, p. 3) How to cite Meditation, attention and well-being of college students, Essay examples

Reaction paper on scientific management and fordism

The book rigging the game outlines elements of inequality in America. In the book, the author (Michael Schwalbe) examines ways in which inequality is bred and multiplied in society in addition to illustrating how the same can be overcome. The book is an essential teaching tool in sociology since it investigates how gender, class and race inequalities are perpetuated in society. In line with this, the author examines the background of scientific management and how it impacted on Fordism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction paper on scientific management and fordism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fordism derives its name from mass production units that were developed by Henry Fords. However, his idea is majorly identified by the fact that it inclined more on production units and division of labor among various companies. In addition, Fordism has other features such as good hierarchical control and in most ca ses employees in production sector are restricted to perform only one task at a time. In some instances, workers comprise of both skilled and unskilled people with their areas of operations also restricted. However, scientific management was as a result of Fredrick Wilsow. In 1911, Wilsow described various ways in which work could be done with ease with an aim of improving either the methods or techniques applied by workers. According to Schwalbe (38), comparison can be drawn from scientific management and fordism theories. For example, from specialization and fragmentation of work perspectives in addition to application of the two theories, it is noted that both skilled and unskilled labor results into optimum production in one way or another. Moreover, it can be noted that Fordism mass production mechanism put into use the popular beliefs of Taylor. He too argued that management should be separated from both human emotions and affairs. Therefore, based on this fact, the theory pur ported that human beings should be manipulated by authority just like machines. As per the statement, it can be argued that the theory does not seem to attach much value for workers and thus it is not fit to be implemented in modern labor force. Furthermore, in the theory, the author added and emphasized various scientific methods with an aim of making work done by Ford in production process to be successful. However, there are contrasts between Fordism and scientific management. In line with the theories of Fordism, it is evident that the value of workers was not given equal importance as it was with scientific management. For instance, the scientific management theory convinced workers that due to the fact that their goals as well as those of the employer could be easily attained if they worked together.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In regard to this, it can be argued t hat Fordism theory was only suitable for industrial companies that involved themselves with mass production. However, the scientific management theory could be applied successfully in different types of organizations and not necessarily in industrial ones. Consequently, the theories in one way or the other have influenced modern organizational management methods and treatment of workers. For instance, managers have discovered the importance of treating workers in a democratic manner. This has resulted into numerous changes both technology and market whereby producers and managers are being encouraged not only to use flexible production methods but also to apply wider product diversity. On the element of efficiency of workforce, scientific management placed more emphasis on not only teaching and training of workers but also developing them. This is an essential aspect of increasing production level of any organization as workers will feel motivated and part of the organization. On th e other hand, Fordism made use of semi-skilled workers in its mass production while workers were replaced with ease. Therefore, in comparing the two theories, it is evident that workers are treated differently in various organizations depending on the theory being applied at that particular time. Those organizations that apply Fordism theory do not put into consideration the importance of workers cooperating and working as a team. This may compel workers to fail achieving the desired results as pointed out by Taylor in regard to scientific management theory (Schwalbe 40). Moreover, in the modern world, business owners have tried to change both the production methods and the work places by applying flat hierarchies and productions systems that are lean instead of either the scientific management or Fordism system. This may be attributed to the fact that business owners believe that these kinds of alterations will enable business organizations to attain flexibility. In addition, owner s are likely to devise strategies that may drive such business organizations towards competitive advantage against market rivals. Furthermore, Fordism theory borrowed quite a number of elements from scientific management theory but later concentrated in producing new methods of management which included putting in place ethical control and hierarchical system of management. In addition, Fordism made it possible for business owners to safeguard and regulate the position held by managers in addition to ensuring that the managers meet the set criteria of running organisations. In conclusion, it is imperative to note that both scientific management and Fordism share certain common elements alongside some differences. For example, both of them mainly concentrated on means of getting work done within the shortest time possible in addition to putting strict restrictions and setting job guidelines for workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction paper on scientif ic management and fordism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, in the modern world, businesses do perceive workers as multi-skilled individuals who should participate in production process not only through team work but also through empowerment and training. Nonetheless, it is evident that Fordism borrowed much from scientific theory. It is against this backdrop that scientific management was of great importance during the fordist era. Works Cited Schwalbe, Michael. Smoke Screen. In M. Schwalbe’s Rigging The Game: How Inequality Is Reproduced in Everyday Life. Oxford: oxford University Press, 2007. This essay on Reaction paper on scientific management and fordism was written and submitted by user Jordyn D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice by Joffre Swait

Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice by Joffre Swait Abstract The purpose of this essay is to review the article â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait and Tulin Erdem. The article identifies the effects of brand credibility towards successful marketing. The authors have used an appropriate research design in order to get the best results.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to the authors, trustworthiness is a powerful tool because it encourages many consumers to make positive purchasing decisions. New studies are critical towards exploring the benefits of effective marketing practices. Such dynamics can determine the success of every marketing strategy. The authors encourage future researchers to examine how consumers develop unique purchasing behaviors. This essay also supports our class text bec ause it offers the best insights to different learners. Critique The article â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† examines a unique issue affecting many consumers and marketers. Brand credibility is associated with â€Å"expertise and trustworthiness† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 193). The article goes further to analyze how brand credibility affects the decisions made by different consumers. The scholars have organized their article in a professional manner thus making it meaningful. The issues discussed in the article are easy to understand. The researchers have offered the best representations and discussions. The researchers have included an abstract in this article. The literature review informs the reader about the targeted objectives and findings. This approach makes the article clear and worth reading. Quality research articles should always have appropriate study methodologies. It is agreeable that the authors used the best research methodology in order to get quality results. To begin with, the authors identified three hypotheses to guide their study. The researchers used a simple analysis method (SAM) to examine how brand clarity influences the decisions made by consumers. The authors â€Å"identified six product classes in order to get the best results† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 193). These product classes included â€Å"cellular telecommunications services, athletic shoes, juices, headache medications, personal computers, and hair shampoos† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 192).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The researchers identified the best respondents before undertaking their study. This approach made it possible for the researchers to get the best results. The scholars also interpreted their results in a professional manner. This article is relevant because it supports our course content. According to our class readings, marketers should use the best advertising models in order to achieve their goals. According to Erdem and Swait (2004), every consumer purchases the best products in order to satisfy his or her needs. That being the case, advertisers and marketers should ensure their brands are admirable. Brand clarity also plays a major role towards the success of different products. It is agreeable that brand trustworthiness is capable of affecting the choices made by different consumers. Brand trustworthiness is critical because it determines the success (or failure) of a given product. Many researchers have also analyzed how brand clarity affects the success of various products. This article is worth reading because it equips advertisers with useful marketing ideas. Every marketer wants to get the best results. The ideas and concepts presented in this article will ensure every marketer realizes his or her potentials. This article also supports my marketi ng skills and experiences. Many consumers â€Å"will have to trust a specific brand before purchasing it† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 194). This fact explains why every marketer uses the concept of brand clarity to attract more customers. Brand credibility makes it easier â€Å"for consumers to purchase the best products in order to fulfill their needs† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 196). Brand credibility makes it easier for consumers to make good decisions. This practice encourages them to purchase the best products. The ideas and concepts presented in this article support the expectations of many marketers. This knowledge will make it possible for them to achieve their marketing objectives.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on â€Å"Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice† by Joffre Swait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The article’s premises and conclusions are useful to every marketer. According to Erdem and Swait (2004), trustworthiness is something meaningful because it affects the decisions made by different consumers. This concept encourages consumers to purchase their favorite commodities (Erdem Swait, 2004). According to the author, several factors influences the decisions made by different customers. Credibility effects â€Å"are also common in different product classes† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 194). These arguments are useful because they support our course frameworks. The article widens our skills and competencies towards achieving every marketing objective. The article encourages future researchers â€Å"to examine how Choice Dynamics (CDs) can affect the decisions made by consumers† (Erdem Swait, 2004, p. 197). This article by Erdem and Swait widens our understanding towards effective marketing. Our class text offers useful models that can make every marketer successful. The article is a useful source of marketing ideas and sk ills (Erdem Swait, 2004). The class materials encourage every learner to apply different marketing models. The class text fulfills the needs of every learner. Scholars should undertake more studies in order to formulate the best marketing strategies (Erdem Swait, 2004). This practice will ensure every advertiser achieves his or her business goals. The presented course frameworks will ensure every student benefits from this learning experience. Reference Erdem, T., Swait, J. (2004). Brand Credibility, Brand Consideration, and Choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(1), 191-198.

Accent Marks and Indirect Questions in Spanish

Accent Marks and Indirect Questions in Spanish For beginning Spanish students, the rule theyre taught about orthographic accents may seem straightforward: Words such as quà © (what) and cuntos (how many) have accents on them when theyre used in questions but dont otherwise. But the use of such accents marks in reality is a bit more complicated, as the accent mark is retained in some types of statements. For example, heres one sentence you might see: El Banco Central no aclarà ³ cuntos dà ³lares vendià ³. (The Central Bank did not make clear how many dollars it sold.) Accents in Indirect Questions It is true that various words have orthographic accents- accent marks that affect the meanings of words but not the pronunciation- when they are parts of questions. The twist to the rule that questions can be part of statement, a statement that ends in a period, rather than as part of a question, a sentence that begins and ends in question marks. Such questions are known as indirect questions. For example, the sample sentence above indirectly asks the question of how many dollars were sold, but it doesnt do so directly. Some indirect questions are obvious, as in this sentence: Quisiera saber dà ³nde puedo encontrar algà ºn programa para convertir archivos de MP3. (I would like to know where I can find a program for converting MP3 files.) Often, sentences that begin in phrases such as quiero saber (I want to know) or no saber (I dont know) are indirect questions. But sometimes the indirect questions are more subtle. Here are some more examples of indirect questions that use orthographic accents: No sà © dà ³nde est. (I dont know where he is.)Saben quà © va a pasar. (They know what is going to happen.)Ella me dijo por quà © se cambià ³ su nombre. (She told me why she changed her name.)Es difà ­cil decir exactamente cuntos cadveres habà ­a. (Its difficult to say exactly how many corpses there were.)La comisià ³n va a investigar quià ©n es el responsable. (The commission will investigate who is the one responsible.) Words That Change Form in Questions These are the words that require the orthographic accent in questions, whether they are direct or indirect: adà ³nde (where to, where)cà ³mo (how)cul (which, what)cundo (when)cunto, cuntos (how much, how many)dà ³nde (where)para quà © (what for, why)por quà © (why)quà © (what, which)quià ©n (who) These are all known as interrogative words and include pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs. Sometimes, especially with quà ©, the accent is needed to clarify the meaning of the word that is being used, and the meaning changes without the accent. Note the difference between these two sentences: Sà © que va a comer. (I know that he is going to eat. Que here functions as a relative pronoun.)Sà © quà © va a comer. (I know what he is going to eat. Quà © here is an interrogative pronoun.) Similarly, when cà ³mo is functioning as a question word, it usually is translated as how. But in statements that arent indirect questions, it is translated as as or like. This is one way you can tell whether cà ³mo is being used in an indirect question. Quiero saber cà ³mo se hace. (I want to know how it is done.)Los nià ±os llegaron como una tormenta. (The children arrived like a storm.) Example Sentences Here are each of the interrogative words used as an indirect question: No sabemos adà ³nde vamos. (We dont know where were going.)Me gustarà ­a aprender cà ³mo escribirlo en inglà ©s. (I would like to learn how to write it in English.)No tengo idea cul es la receta para la felicidad. (I dont have an idea what the recipe for happiness is.)No me dijo cundo volverà ­a a casa. (She didnt tell me when she would come home.)No me importa cunto dinero tengas. (It doesnt matter to me how much money you have.)Es difà ­cil decir dà ³nde estamos en comparacià ³n con los otros. (Its difficult to say where we are compared with the others.)No comprendo para quà © sirve el cinismo. (I dont know what the purpose of cynicism is.)No sabà ­amos por quà © esto habà ­a sucedido. (We dont know why this has happened.)Quiero entender quà © me est ocurriendo. (I want to understand what is happening to me.) Key Takeaways Interrogative words in Spanish require accent marks when they are used in both direct and indirect questions.Common interrogative words include dà ³nde (where), cà ³mo (how), and por quà © (why).The unaccented que usually means that, while the accented quà © usually means what.

The Rise of Jews in Hollywood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Rise of Jews in Hollywood - Essay Example This essay will also evaluate the impact of the Jews in Hollywood by talking about Jewish film studio owners, producers, directors, actors and actresses. The Hollywood District is located in Los Angeles, California in the United States. Its cultural identity and frame presents Hollywood as a historical center for movie stars and studios. The term Hollywood is currently used to refer to the American cinema since much of the entertainment industry has diffused to the surrounding locations. Jews inhabited the United States of America early in the 17th century. However, they were denied the ability to own offices and perform actively in societal affairs. Despite this condition, more Jews are still immigrating to the United States in search of greener pastures. Research shows that a vast majority of the Jews globally are situated in the United States and several other parts of Israel. Therefore, most individuals claimed that the Jews were in control of Hollywood. In retort to this opinion , the Americans were truly upset by this point of view considering the entertainment industry in their midst. Only a mere 22% of the Americans believed that the television and movie industries were run by the Jews, compared to over 50% of the people who supported the idea in the late 60s. This reveals how America has gotten dumb; hence, the Jews are totally taking over the entertainment industry in Hollywood (Stein, par. 1). According to an ad adapted from the New York Times, the Screen Actors Guild contract that was signed by top executives in the entertainment industries proved that the most of them were Jewish. Such included the President of News Corp, the chairman of Paramount Pictures, Chief Executive and chairman of Walt Disney Company, the chairman of Sony Pictures, CBS Corp’s Chief Executive, and the Chief Executive of NBC Universal. This reveals that the Jewish have substantially taken over the entertainment industry in Hollywood (Stein par. 2). In addition, the Amer ican society has established strong enmity between them and the Jews. The enemies of the Jews repeatedly point out that the movie industry of America is in the hands of the Jewish community. The Jewish immigrants from Europe are the ones who run and organize movie studios in this country. They are the ones who founded the movie studios and also involved studio productions as part of their business ventures in the United States (Falk, par. 1). The Jewish moguls in the entertainment industry combined ideas in order to develop films that portray the American culture and the exploitation of the poor individuals in the society by the rich. Likewise, the Jews also invented the musicals, talking films, and Technicolor. These inventions heightened the movie industry for a period of 40 years (1920-1960). The movie producers tried to come up with excellent and imaginable ideas based on movie scripts. However, their imaginative capacity in the movie production did not linger around Jewish them es even during the 2nd World War that left most of their families persecuted in Europe. This was quite shameful to the Jewish movie tycoons considering that they sympathized with Native Americans and the Aborigines of Australia, but, completely forgot about their fellow Jews (Falk par. 5). The Jewish studio bosses were not the only individuals from the Jewish society who were in the entertainm

Water and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Water and Sustainability - Essay Example In his analysis of the concept of property, Professor Macpherson is concerned with the profound task of re-evaluating the analytical definition of property by returning it to its historical roots (Macpherson, 1 – 12). Such an approach encourages a new understanding about public or communal property matters that have been of concern to communities and governments within the relatively recent past, challenging human rationality and human control. The problems associated with an equitable distribution of water, which is becoming an increasingly scarce resource of vital importance to all humanity, has the capacity for enlarging perception and challenging the mind in its quest for equitable ways of governance and modes of thinking. This is especially true for the Western United States of America in which most of the land lying west of the 100th meridian of longitude receives less than 20 inches of rain annually (MSN Encarta, â€Å"Water Policy in the American West†). The notion of property presented by Professor Macpherson stipulates that the use of the term property to represent things is a misusage (Harris, Chapter 9). In effect, the concept of property has logical and historical dimensions. The logical dimension associated with the concept of property stipulates that property refers to the right to the use of or to benefit from things. Thus, private property rights extend to exclude others from the use of private property. However, property is not always private in nature and the concept of ‘common property’ prevails whenever resources have been set aside for common use. Thus, the notion of common property can give rise to ‘enforceable claims’ not to be excluded from the use of resources. For common property, it is important to understand property rights within the context of the rights of others people, sometimes all people. Thus, common property must be considered within the context of Hohfeldian relations and priv ileges for property

Probleme de la Predication: Noeud Central du Sophiste de Platon Essay

Probleme de la Predication: Noeud Central du Sophiste de Platon ABSTRACT: Some scholars have found the dealing of the problem of predication, or attribution, in the Sophist (251a-e), a "digression," or a treatment of "a trivial question" and "an insignificant example." We propose to reconsider the importance of Plato’s doctrine on the subject from the point of view of the epistemology- ontology relationship in Plato. This leads to a replacement of the passage inside the whole dialogue. Beginning with the definition of the sophist, Plato goes on to treat the "mimetic" art and finds himself confronting a perplexing difficulty: how to understand falsehood, either in thought or in discourse. This is an epistemological difficulty, which raises the central difficulty of how to attribute non-being to being. So, the heart of the matter is the possibility of predication, as Plato states very clearly (238a). The solution arises from the doctrine of the community of species, making possible any attribution of one thing to another. In looking carefull y to the dialogue as a whole, we find that the passage 251a-e, dealing with the general problem of predication, occupies a central position, in all meanings, even numerically (between 236e and 264a). Dans le passage 251 a-e du Sophiste, Platon pose d'abord le problà ¨me de la prà ©dication, ensuite celui de la "communautà © des genres". Quel est le lien entre ces deux problà ¨mes? et quel est la place de ce passage (I) dans l'ensemble des dà ©veloppements du Sophiste? (I) "Expliquons ... comment il se peut faire que nous dà ©signions une seule et mà ªme chose par une pluralità © de noms ... Nous à ©nonà §ons "l'homme" ... en lui appliquant de multiples dà ©nominations. Nous lui attribuons couleurs, formes, ... ... borne pas à   nommer (cf. 251 bl: "nous ne disons pas seulement de l'homme qu'il est homme", mais effectue un achà ¨vement, en entrelaà §ant les verbes avec les noms). (22) Là ©on Robin (Les rapports de l'à ªtre et de la connaissance d' aprà ¨s Platon, Paris, 1957, p. 100), et Joseph Moreau (Realisme et idà ©alisme chez Platon, Paris, 1951, p. 38) à ©taient arrivà ©s, de leurs cotà ©s, à   une position analogue. (23) Si l'on considà ¨re que le và ©ritable dialogue commance à   236 e (position du problà ¨me de la faussetà ©) et se termine à   264 a (fin de la solution), ou mà ªme qu'il commence à   231 c (rà ©capitulation des dà ©finitions) et se termine à   268 d (dà ©finition du sophiste et fin rà ©el), on trouvera que le texte de notre problà ¨me occupe une position matà ©riellement centrale: il est prà ©cà ©dà © de 15 pages et suivi par 13 dans le premier cas, et vient aprà ¨s 19 et prà ©cà ¨de 17 dans le deuxià ¨me.

Types of Military Leaders

Types of Military Leaders The Military is one of the largest corporations in the United States of America looking for successful leader’s every day. They offer many developmental classes, schools and academies that give you the tools to become a successful leader. Like most jobs there is a pyramid effect of leadership roles. This pyramid role is called a chain of command in the military. Each leadership role is just as important as the one appointed above them and is only as strong as its weakest link.There are several types of leaders that dictate our military; authoritative, hands-on and hands-off. Each type of leader possesses different qualities which make the outcome of their work diverse. Authoritative leaders are born to be a leader. These are leaders who have a natural instinct on how to take control of a group and get the job done. They are the type of person you either love or hate. Authoritative leaders are very meticulous and strict on how they want to accomplish a task. It’s either their way or the highway. This can be very draining on the soldiers that work for them.Authoritative leaders can take two separate approaches in leading their soldiers. They either let the power get to their heads and bark orders killing the moral of the soldiers they work with. The other approach of authoritative leadership is someone who delegates work by asking for help on what needs to be accomplished, making it a much more comfortable environment to work in. These separate approaches can dictate the outcome of the work being performed by their soldiers which can either make or break their leadership role.Hands-on leaders are one of the most effective leaders in the military. These are leaders who don’t mind getting their hands dirty and take initiative in getting the job done. They are leaders who want to lead by example and are not afraid to take the blame if something goes wrong. Hands-on leaders are very well communicator’s, open to su ggestions and look for soldiers input. This allows them to expand not only their own knowledge but also the soldiers around them. They are willing to work with their soldiers on the small things in order to accomplish something larger.This gives them a better understanding of their job and the soldiers they work with. Once a hands-on leader sets the goals and shows the soldiers what they expect, it allows them to take a step back and let their soldiers execute the tasks at hand. Hands-off or laissez-faire leaders are considered the lazy one’s of the group. They typically are the fun leaders to hang out with as a friend but lack leadership as a boss. Hands-off leaders take no guidance of the group and are very passive on work. They tend to pass off jobs and allow the soldiers to dictate how the work is going to be done.This can either set the soldiers up for success or can completely kill the mission. Hand-off leaders are considered the chameleon of the group. They take some o f the credit on a successful task or hide and push the blame onto someone else when the task fails. Hands-off leaders typically try to please everyone to avoid any conflict. This can ultimately hurt a unit by not being able to trust or rely on their leaders. There are many routes a leader can take in leading their soldiers. It is up to the soldier to decide what leader he or she wants to become.Every day the military is looking for someone to step up and take on one of the roles of becoming a leader. The best way to decide on what leader you want to become is to look around and take notes on the qualities your leader’s posses and make a decision on how you want your peers to perceive you. Each leadership role can create a different outcome that can either take you straight to the top for success or damage your chances of becoming a great leader. It is up to you to make the decision on what path you want to take and the leader you would like to become.

Theme of Entrapment in The Awakening and The Yellow...

Theme of Entrapment in The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper Topics of great social impact have been dealt with in many different ways and in many different mediums. Beginning with the first women’s movement in the 1850’s, the role of women in society has been constantly written about, protested, and debated. Two women writers who have had the most impact in the on-going women’s movement are Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper are two of feminist literature’s cornerstones and have become prolific parts of American literature. Themes of entrapment by social dictates, circumstance, and the desire for personal independence reside within each work and bond the two together. Kate†¦show more content†¦The Awakening begins in Grand Isle, while Edna and her husband are on vacation from New Orleans. The society of the time dictated that Edna was tied to her husband, her children and her home. Many of the rules of New Orleans society are relaxed in Grand Isle and Edna is free to explore many new things. The simple act of learning to swim becomes liberating for Edna. When she is swimming, she feels as though she is completely free of the oppressive circumstances of her life. Edna’s relationship with Mademoiselle Reisz further helps her learn new things and empower herself. Mademoiselle teaches her basic artistry skills which allow her to fully explore her talent and creativity. This artistic freedom is part of the culmination of Edna’s freedom within society. The harsh constraints placed upon women in the society which Edna lives make total freedom and independence almost unattainable. Edna’s inability to escape her husb and and her attachment to her children led her to her ultimate downfall. Having no place to turn or escape to, Edna commits suicide, which appeared to be the only possible means for achieving freedom and liberation. The protagonist of The Yellow Wallpaper faces much different circumstances than Edna. She enjoys a small but significant amount of freedom through writing and personal experience. However, when her husband diagnoses her as mentally ill and prescribes a length of time in the country asShow MoreRelated Theme of Isolation in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums and Chopin’s The Awakening1619 Words   |  7 PagesDespite differing story lines, Charlotte Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums and Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, depict the same suffering; the isolation that women have been forced to endure throughout history. In the time period that all three characters were placed, it was culturally acceptable for wives to be dominated by their husbands; their responsibility revolving around the needs of their children and those of their spouse. Most women simply did not have a means